Why Your Take-Home Pay is Less Than Your Salary
It is a common shock for new employees: you signed an offer letter for ,000, but your first paycheck feels much smaller. This is due to withholdings.
Your "Take-Home Pay" (or Net Pay) is what hits your bank account after the government and your employer take their shares. This calculator reveals exactly where that money goes.
The "Big Three" Deductions
- Federal Income Tax: Withheld based on the W-4 form you filled out.
- Social Security (6.2%): A flat tax that funds retirement benefits. Capped at a certain income level (,100 in 2025).
- Medicare (1.45%): Funds healthcare for seniors. There is no cap on this tax.
In addition to these, you may see deductions for 401(k) contributions, health insurance premiums, and state taxes.
2025-26 Federal Tax Brackets
Understanding your tax bracket is crucial for financial planning. The IRS uses a progressive tax system where different portions of your income are taxed at different rates.
| Tax Rate | Single Filers | Married Filing Jointly | Head of Household |
|---|---|---|---|
| 10% | $0 - $11,600 | $0 - $23,200 | $0 - $16,550 |
| 12% | $11,601 - $47,150 | $23,201 - $94,300 | $16,551 - $63,100 |
| 22% | $47,151 - $100,525 | $94,301 - $201,050 | $63,101 - $100,500 |
| 24% | $100,526 - $191,950 | $201,051 - $383,900 | $100,501 - $191,950 |
| 32% | $191,951 - $243,725 | $383,901 - $487,450 | $191,951 - $243,700 |
| 35% | $243,726 - $609,350 | $487,451 - $731,200 | $243,701 - $609,350 |
| 37% | $609,351+ | $731,201+ | $609,351+ |
📋 2025-26 Standard Deductions
- Single: $15,000 (up from $14,600 in 2024)
- Married Filing Jointly: $30,000 (up from $29,200)
- Head of Household: $22,500 (up from $21,900)
- Additional for 65+: $1,550 per person (single) or $1,250 (married)
Frequently Asked Questions
Real-World Tax Examples
📊 Example 1: Single Filer Earning $60,000
- Gross Income: $60,000
- Standard Deduction: -$15,000
- Taxable Income: $45,000
- Tax Calculation:
- 10% on first $11,600 = $1,160
- 12% on $11,601-$45,000 ($33,399) = $4,008
- Total Federal Tax: $5,168
- Effective Rate: 8.6%
- Marginal Bracket: 12%
This taxpayer is in the 12% bracket but pays an effective rate of only 8.6% thanks to the progressive system.
📊 Example 2: Married Couple Earning $150,000
- Gross Income: $150,000
- Standard Deduction: -$30,000
- Taxable Income: $120,000
- Tax Calculation:
- 10% on first $23,200 = $2,320
- 12% on $23,201-$94,300 ($71,099) = $8,532
- 22% on $94,301-$120,000 ($25,699) = $5,654
- Total Federal Tax: $16,506
- Effective Rate: 11.0%
- Marginal Bracket: 22%
Their $30,000 standard deduction significantly reduces the tax burden. They can further reduce taxes through 401(k) contributions.
Tax Planning Strategies
💼 Maximize Retirement Contributions
For 2025: 401(k) limit is $23,000 ($30,500 if 50+), IRA limit is $7,000 ($8,000 if 50+). These reduce your taxable income. Someone in the 24% bracket saves $24 in taxes for every $100 contributed.
🏥 Use Health Savings Accounts
HSA contributions are triple tax-advantaged: tax-deductible going in, grow tax-free, and withdrawals for medical expenses are tax-free. 2025 limits: $4,300 individual, $8,550 family.
📊 Harvest Tax Losses
Sell investments at a loss to offset capital gains. You can use up to $3,000 of excess losses to offset ordinary income each year, with unlimited carryforward for future years.
👨👩👧 Claim All Tax Credits
Child Tax Credit ($2,000 per child under 17), Child Care Credit (up to $3,000), Earned Income Credit (up to $7,830), education credits. Credits reduce tax dollar-for-dollar—better than deductions.